Geography

DMPQ-How does ENSO (El-Nino southern oscillation) phenomenon effects Monsoon in India ?

. The El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is an irregular cycle of change in wind and sea surface temperatures over the tropical eastern Pacific Ocean, affecting the climate of much of the tropics and subtropics. The warming phase of the sea temperature is known as El Nino and the cooling phase as La Nina. This sea temperature oscillation is accompanied by an oscillation in the weather patterns in the tropical western Pacific. The monsoon influences environmental conditions in much of Asia, hence impacting most of the densely populated region of our planet. Differential heating of the north Indian Ocean and the ... Read more

DMPQ-What is Inter Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). How does it effects India’s climate.

The Inter Tropical  Convergence Zone (ITCZ) or Thermal Equator is a broad trough of low pressure in  equatorial latitudes (it always remains on the north of the equator due to effect of  landmass). This is where the northeast and the southeast trade winds converge and this  is a low pressure zone. This convergence zone lies more or less parallel to the equator  but moves north or south with the apparent movement of the sun. At the time of  monsoons, it shifts towards north (towards India) and hence attracts moisture laden  winds. According to meteorologists, Monsoon is the result of the ... Read more

DMPQ-. Explain different types of rain.

They can be of various types depending upon the process of precipitation,  obstacles etc. Convectional Rain The, air on being heated, becomes light and rises up in convection  currents. As it rises, it expands and loses heat and consequently, condensation takes  place and cumulous clouds are formed. With thunder and lightening, heavy rainfall  takes place but this does not last long. Such rain is common in the summer or in the  hotter part of the day. It is very common in the equatorial regions and interior parts of  the continents, particularly in the northern hemisphere.  Whenever there is an ascending ... Read more

DMPQ-Discuss the different types of fronts formed during the process of frontogenesis.

.  Process of formation of the fronts is known as frontogenesis. There are four types of fronts: Cold Front When the cold air moves towards the warm air mass, its contact zone is  called the cold front. As the cold front nears your region, the barometer falls.  The cold  air behind the front wedges under the warm air and lifts it sharply off the ground.  Large  cumulonimbus clouds appear. These clouds often bring thunderstorms and rain showers.  As the cold front passes, the wind changes direction. The weather becomes clear and  colder and the barometer rises again. Warm Front Whereas ... Read more

DMPQ- . Discuss the types of cells formed primary wind circulations.

. The trade winds, westerly and easterlies  are the permanent winds. These blow constantly throughout the year in a particular  direction and they are global in nature.  These play an important role in, and in turn get influenced too, formation of Weather  Cell. Headly Cell The air at the Inter Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) rises because  of convection caused by high insolation and a low pressure is created. The winds  from the tropics converge at this low pressure zone. The converged air rises  along with the convective cell. (as in the figure, Headly Cell) It reaches the top of  the ... Read more

DMPQ- Point out the major mineral belts of India.

. Most of the metallic minerals in India occur in the peninsular plateau region in the old  crystalline rocks. Over 97 per cent of coal reserves occur in the valleys of Damodar, Sone, Mahanadi and Godavari.  Areas of high rainfall lack in soluble minerals like Limestone, Gypsum and Salt.  Northern Plains are poor in minerals because thick layers of alluvium are deposited on the original surface. Minerals are generally concentrated in three broad belts in India. The North-Eastern Plateau Region This belt covers Chotanagpur (Jharkhand), Orissa Plateau, West Bengal and parts of Chhattisgarh. It has variety of minerals viz. iron ... Read more

DMPQ- . Discuss the major crop patterns in India.

. Some of the major cropping systems are:  Sequential system Multiple crops are grown in a sequence using short duration crops and intense input management. In Maharashtra, a sequence of Rice, Beans and Ground nuts is  followed. It is the most common cropping system in India. Mixed cropping It refers to crop mixture of two or more crops simultaneously with no distinct row arrangement. For example – pulses and some oil seeds are grown along with maize, jowar and bajra. Its more refined way is ‘intercropping’. Mixed Farming Mixed farming is a system of farming on a particular farm which ... Read more

DMPQ- Give a brief description of current scenario of solar power production in India.

. India is a tropical country and has around 300 days availability of sunlight which is one of the highest in the world. Germany is a sub-tropical country, now produces almost 40% of its energy from renewable power. India has huge potential.  Solar power has one unique advantage that it can be used to supply electricity in farflung areas  in an off-grid manner and thus can tremendously help in achieving aim of 100% electrification. Current installed capacity is 2600 MW. It was just 18 MW in 2010. Gujarat alone accounts for  850 MW. India as a part of its National ... Read more

DMPQ-What is natural vegetation? Under what climatic conditions are tropical evergreen forests develop?

. Natural vegetation refers to a plant community that has been left undisturbed over a long time, so as to allow its individual species to adjust themselves to climate and soil conditions as fully as possible. Tropical evergreen forests  are found in the western slope of the Western Ghats, hills of the northeastern region and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. They are found in warm and humid areas with an annual precipitation of over 200 cm and mean annual temperature above 22oC. Tropical evergreen forests are well stratified, with layers closer to the ground and are covered with shrubs and ... Read more

DMPQ-How does flood effects India during monsoon and how Governments prepares to control it ?

Frequent inundation of agricultural land and human settlement, particularly in Assam, West Bengal, Bihar and Eastern Uttar Pradesh (flooding rivers), coastal areas of Orissa, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Gujarat (cyclone) and Punjab, Rajasthan, Northern Gujarat and Haryana (flash floods) have serious consequences on the national economy and society. Floods do not only destroy valuable crops every year but these also damage physical infrastructure such as roads, rails, bridges and human settlements. Millions of people are rendered homeless and are also washed down along with their cattle in the floods. Spread of diseases like cholera, gastro-enteritis, hepatitis and other water-borne ... Read more