Paper 2- Constitution and Polity
New dimensions of public management
New dimensions of public management NPM is a label that captures a range of reforms inspired by the idea that private sector management techniques and market mechanisms increase public sector efficiency. NPM type reforms include, for example, quantification, the introduction of performance management systems, the increase in the responsibility of public administrators, the introduction of market mechanisms into public sector, the introduction of quality management techniques, among others. Objectives of Public Management reforms Earlier reforms were treated as technical or legal. They were confined to national boundaries and did not have any spread effect on other countries. However, a considerable ... Read more
Constitution of India: Foundation, characteristics
Constitution of India: Foundation, characteristics Foundation of constitution Constitution is a legal document having a special legal sanctity, which sets out the framework and the principal functions of the organs of the government of a state, and declares the principles governing the operation of those organs. The Indian Constitution is based on the philosophy of evolving an egalitarian society free from fear and bias based on promoting individual freedom in shaping the government of their choice. The whole foundation of constitutional democracy is building a system of governance in systematic machinery functioning automatically on the wheels of norms and regulations ... Read more
Principles of Public Administration
Principles of Public Administration Throughout the 20th century the study and practice of public administration has been essentially pragmatic and normative rather than theoretical and value free. This may explain why public administration, unlike some social sciences, developed without much concern about an encompassing theory. Not until the mid-20th century and the dissemination of the German sociologist Max Weber’s theory of bureaucracy was there much interest in a theory of public administration. Most recent bureaucratic theory, however, has been addressed to the private sector, and there has been little effort to relate organizational to political theory. A prominent principle of ... Read more
Objectives of Indian Constitution
Objectives of Indian Constitution Sovereignty By declaring us as a sovereign entity, Preamble emphasizes complete political freedom. It implies that our state is internally powerful and externally free. She is free to determine for herself without any external interference. There is none within her to challenge her authority. Only this attribute of sovereignty has made her a member in the comity of nations. Without sovereignty she has no essence. If a state can not freely determine what it wants and how to achieve it, it loses the rationale to exist. Further, sovereignty gives the state the dignity of existence. It ... Read more
Federalism
Federalism Federalism, mode of political organization that unites separate states or other polities within an overarching political system in a way that allows each to maintain its own integrity. Federal systems do this by requiring that basic policies be made and implemented through negotiation in some form, so that all the members can share in making and executing decisions. The political principles that animate federal systems emphasize the primacy of bargaining and negotiated coordination among several power centres; they stress the virtues of dispersed power centres as a means for safeguarding individual and local liberties. The various political systems that ... Read more
Family Court
Family Court It is not unknown that a gaping loophole in the Indian Judiciary is the backlog of cases. The number of cases being filed in the Supreme Court is consistently on the rise. There are cases dealing with a broad spectrum of issues such as family matters and property which continue for generations. Such cases continue for atrocious periods of time, ranging from 7 years to 30 years. In such a scenario, the channeling of cases to different courts set up specially for this purpose not only ensures their speedy disposal, but also ensures that the cases, being dealt ... Read more
Important Amendments of Indian Constitution
Important Amendments of Indian Constitution 24th amendment of Indian constitution Article 368 in Part XX of the Constitution deals with the powers of the Parliament to amend the Constitution and its procedure. The Parliament may in the exercise of its constituent power amend by way of addition, variation or repeal any provision of the Constitution in accordance with the procedure laid down. Prior to the Golak Nath Case, the Supreme Court maintained that Fundamental Rights were also amendable. The case ruled that the Fundamental Rights were transcendental in nature and the Parliament cannot abridge or take away any Fundamental Rights. ... Read more
National integrity
National integration has been a very serious and prominent challenge in all the developing countries including India. For a proper analysis of the concept of national integration it is necessary to know the meaning of certain concepts. The first and foremost concept is the term integration itself which may be defined as “a process of becoming whole.” In other words, “an integrated whole is one in which all structural aspects and parts, fit together with at least some minimal amount of unity or mutual compatibility.” Furthermore, “integration is the name for the state of relationship between parts of the system.” ... Read more
National Commission for Backward Classes
National Commission for Backward Classes The NCBC is a body set up under the National Commission for Backward Classes Act, 1993. It has the power to examine complaints regarding inclusion or exclusion of groups within the list of backward classes, and advise the central government in this regard. Composition of the commission Commission will consist of the following Members: A Chairperson, who is or has been a Judge of the Supreme Court or of a High Court; A social scientist; two persons, who have special knowledge in matters relating to backward classes; and a Member-Secretary, who is or has been ... Read more
Role of public administration in the developed and developing societies
Following are the major role of administration and management in developing societies:- promotion of a rational development of economic proportions through macroregulation, control of the privatization process of state-owned enterprises and public services, securing free competition and transparency in its implementation, securing an effective exercise of ownership rights of the State and other public entities, support of the private sector, especially of small and medium-sized enterprises, the development of effective cooperative relations between the public and private sectors, drafting and implementing effective sectoral policies, especially securing internal and external security, regional policy, transport policy, information ... Read more