MPPCS Paper III- Physics

Gravitation

Newton’s law of universal gravitation states that a particle attracts every other particle in the universe using a force that is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their centers. Gravitation Gravitation is the force by which every mass or particle of matter, including photons, attracts and is attracted by every other mass or particle of matter.The gravitational field at any point P in space is defined as the gravitational force felt by a tiny unit mass placed at P. Every particle of matter in the universe attracts every ... Read more

Motions, Force, Laws of Motion

Motion Motion is a change in position of an object with respect to time. Motion is typically described in terms of displacement, distance, velocity, acceleration, time and speed. The branch of physics which deals with the study of motion of material objects is called mechanics. Mechanics is divided into following branches. (i) Statics : Statics is the branch of mechanics which deals with the study of motion of objects under the effect of forces in equilibrium. (ii) Kinematics : It is that branch of mechanics which deals with the study of motion of object without taking into account the factors ... Read more

Work and Energy

Work energy and power Work is said to be done when a force applied on the body displaces the body through a certain distance in the direction of force.Mathematically, work is the force-displacement product (for those of you who prefer algebra) W = F x s cos a or the force-displacement path integral (for those of you who prefer calculus). dW =F · ds Positive work means that force (or its component) is parallel to displacement. Negative work means that force (or its component)is opposite to displacement i.e. In conservative field work done by the force over a closed loop ... Read more

Light

  Nature of light Light is a transverse, electromagnetic wave that can be seen by humans. The wave nature of light was first illustrated through experiments on diffraction and interference. Like all electromagnetic waves, light can travel through a vacuum. The transverse nature of light can be demonstrated through polarization. Light is produced by one of two methods: Incandescence is the emission of light from “hot” matter (T ≳ 800 K). Luminescence is the emission of light when excited electrons fall to lower energy levels (in matter that may or may not be “hot”). Reflection of light Reflection of light ... Read more

Sound

Sound is a longitudinal wave, in which the particles oscillate to and fro in the same direction of wave propagation. Sound waves cannot be transmitted through vacuum. The transmission of sound requires at least a medium, which can be solid, liquid, or gas. Newton to derive a relation for the velocity of sound in a gaseous medium, assumed that compression and rarefaction caused by the sound waves during their passage through the gas take place under isothermal condition. This means that the changes in volume and pressure take place at constant temperature. Under such conditions, Newton agreed that the velocity of ... Read more

Electricity and Magnetism

Current Electricity Electric current is the rate of flow of electric charge through a conducting medium with respect to time. It is caused by drift of free electrons through a conductor to a particular direction.Charges in motion constitute an electric current. Such currents occur naturally in many situations. Lightning is one such phenomenon in which charges flow from the clouds to the earth through the atmosphere, sometimes with disastrous results. The flow of charges in lightning is not steady, but in our everyday life we see many devices where charges flow in a steady manner. A torch and a cell-driven ... Read more

Data handling and Interpretation (charts, graphs, tables, data sufficiency etc.)

We have Bifurcated the topic Data handling and Interpretation (charts, graphs, tables, data sufficiency etc.) into following topics for exhaustive study:- Data Analysis – Mathematical operation Basic numeracy (numbers and their relations, orders of magnitude etc.) Data interpretation (charts, graphs, tables, data sufficiency etc.) and analysis of data. Data Collection Analysis- Interpretation- Collection, Interpretat ion and Appreciation of Statistical Data Study of Graphs and Charts:– Bar Graphs, Line Graphs and Pie Charts- Problems Based on Tabular and Diagrammatical Data- Data Sufficiency in Statistics Data interpretation Data Interpretation or DI refers to the implementation of procedures through which data is reviewed for ... Read more

CHAIN RULE

  This module will teach you the basics of direct and indirect proportions. These concepts will further help you in time and work questions. Important Formulas – chain rule Direct ProportionTwo quantities are said to be directly proportional, if on the increase or decrease of the one, the other increases or decreases the same extent. Examples Cost of the goods is directly proportional to the number of goods. (More goods, More cost) Amount of work done is directly proportional to the number of persons who did the work. (More persons, More Work) Indirect Proportion (inverse proportion)Two quantities are said to ... Read more

PROFIT & LOSS

Profit and loss   IMPORTANT FACTS Cost Price: The price, at which an article is purchased, is called its cost price, abbreviated as C.P.   Selling Price: The price, at which an article is sold, is called its selling prices, abbreviated as S.P.   Profit or Gain: If S.P. is greater than C.P., the seller is said to have a profit or gain.   Loss: If S.P. is less than C.P., the seller is said to have incurred a loss.   IMPORTANT FORMULAE Gain = (S.P.) – (C.P.) Loss = (C.P.) – (S.P.) Loss or gain is always reckoned on C.P. Gain Percentage: (Gain %)     Gain ... Read more

Percentage

Important Formulas – Percentage PercentagePercent means for every 100 So, when percent is calculated for any value, it means that we calculate the value for every 100 of the reference value. percent is denoted by the symbol %. For example, x percent is denoted by x% x%=x/100Example : 25%=25/100=1/4 To express x/y as a percent, we have x/y=(x/y×100)%Example : 1/4=(1/4×100)%=25% If the price of a commodity increases by R%, the reduction in consumption so as not to increase the expenditure = [R/(100+R)×100]% If the price of a commodity decreases by R%, the increase in consumptions o as not to decrease the expenditure = [R/(100−R)×100]% If ... Read more