History

Gandhi had retired from Congress in 1934 and Congress under Jawahar’s leadership has acquired a taste  of socialism and radicalism. Subhas was chosen unanimously in February 1938 session of Congress at  Haripura to built upon that trend. In that session under the leadership of Bose, Congress passed a  resolution to opposition to the impending imperialistic … Read more

. Third Round Table Conference happened in 1932, and no Congress leader participated.  However its discussion and discussions of earlier Round Tables and Simon Commission  recommendations led to the enactment of 1935 Act. Major features of the act are as follows: It introduced Federalism in India with Princely States and Provinces being its parts and … Read more

. In the wake of inconclusive Round Table Talks, British government had declared that, if a  consensus was not reached on separate representation of minorities, a unilateral communal award will  be made. Government kept its promise in form of Communal Award of 1932. The Communal Award was by the British Prime Minister Ramsay McDonald on … Read more

. The Congress had boycotted the first Round Table Conference (1930) which was actively  attended by princely states, Ambedkar and other non-Congress parties. Ambedkar also raised the issue  of separate electorate for Dalits and Jinnah demanded more safeguards for the Muslims (these two demands were reflected in Communal Award of 1932). After Gandhi-Irwin Pact, Gandhi … Read more

. The Gandhi-Irwin pact was criticised by radical nationalists, for Gandhiji was unable to  obtain from the Viceroy a commitment to political independence for Indians; he could obtain merely an  assurance of talks towards that possible end. It was organised even as many Congress leaders opposed  the Gandhi-Irwin pact, for the government had not accepted … Read more

. Just after independence Justice Dhar Commission or Linguistic Provinces Commission of 1948 and another committee JVP Committee in the same year headed by Jawahar Lal, Vallabhai Patel and Pattabhi Sitaramayya advised against creation of states on linguistic lines and instead they recommended creation of states on the basis of administrative convenience for unity, security … Read more

. After non-action of government over Nehru Report and failure of government to agree  upon any demand for even dominion status, Gandhiji was looking for a new plan amidst growing  restlessness among the Congress and nation as a whole. Mahatma Gandhi found in salt a powerful symbol that could unite the nation. On 31 January … Read more

Communalism in India was largely a result of divide and rule policy of the British and it was later strengthened by the two nation theory of Pakistan and hatred bred by it for all non-Muslims. It later gave birth to a counter force in terms of ideas of a potential Hindu State. Partition triggered off … Read more

. The noncooperation movement spread from cities to rural areas and included  peasants tribal areas as well. In Awadh, peasants were led by ‘Baba Ramchandra’ – a sanyasi who had earlier been to  Fiji as an indentured labourer. The movement here was against talukdars and landlords  who demanded from peasants exorbitantly high rents and a … Read more