Polity

In January 1957, the Government of India appointed a committee to examine the working of the Community Development Programme (1952) and the National Extension Service (1953) and to suggest measures for their better working. The chairman of this committee was Balwant Rai G Mehta. The committee submitted its report in November 1957 and recommended the … Read more

Articles 371 to 371-J in Part XXI of the constitution contain special provisions for eleven states  viz., Maharashtra, Gujarat, Nagaland, Assam, Manipur, Andhra Pradesh, Sikkim, Mizoram, Arunachal Pradesh, Goa and Karnataka. The intention behind them is to meet the aspirations of the people of backward regions of the states or to protect the cultural and … Read more

The independence of a high court is very essential for the effective discharge of the duties assigned to it. It should be free from the encroachments, pressures and interferences of the executive (council of ministers) and the legislature. It should be allowed to do justice without fear or favour. The Constitution has made the following … Read more

. Parliamentary privileges can be classified into two broad categories: Those that are enjoyed by each House of Parliament collectively, and Those that are enjoyed by the members individually. Collective Privileges The privileges belonging to each House of Parliament collectively are: In has the right to publish its reports, debates and proceedings and also the … Read more

The efforts towards land reform are tardy and slow in India. Following reasons can be  attributed for poor progress of land reforms. Absence of Reliable Records The absence of reliable and updated land records is  the biggest hurdle for the slow progress of land reforms. The reporting system is weak  and irregular and there has … Read more

The Constitution of India provides for the following three kinds of funds for the Central government: Consolidated Fund of India (Article 266) Public Account of India (Article 266) Contingency Fund of India (Article 267) Consolidated Fund of India It is a fund to which all receipts are credited and all payments are debited. In other … Read more

The fundamental principle underlying the working of parliamentary system of government is the principle of collective responsibility. Article 75 clearly states that the council of ministers is collectively responsible to the Lok Sabha. This means that all the ministers own joint responsibility to the Lok Sabha for all their acts of ommission and commission. They … Read more

Good Governance is an approach to government that is committed to creating a system founded in justice and peace that protects individual’s human rights and civil liberties. According to the United Nations, Good Governance is measured by the eight factors of Participation, Rule of Law, Transparency, Responsiveness, Consensus Oriented, Equity and Inclusiveness, Effectiveness and Efficiency, … Read more

Article 123 of the Constitution empowers the President to promulgate ordinances during the recess of Parliament. These ordinances have the same force and effect as an act of Parliament, but are in the nature of temporary laws. The ordinance-making power is the most important legislative power of the President. It has been vested in him … Read more

Bureaucracy plays a key role in running the Public Administration e by performing the following functions: It is the responsibility of the bureaucracy to carry out and implement the policies of the government. Good policies and laws can really serve their objectives only when these are efficiently implemented by the civil servants. Policy-making is the … Read more