Polity

The Code on Wages, 2019 seeks to regulate wage and bonus payments in all employments where any industry, trade, business, or manufacture is carried out.  The Code replaces the following four laws: (i) the Payment of Wages Act, 1936, (ii) the Minimum Wages Act, 1948, (iii) the Payment of Bonus Act, 1965, and (iv) the … Read more

The fundamental right under Article 21 is one of the most important rights provided under the Constitution which has been described as the heart of fundamental rights by the Apex Court in Unni Krishnans case. The objective of the fundamental right under Article 21 is to prevent encroachment upon personal liberty and deprivation of life … Read more

Article 61 of the constitution provides for the impeachment procedure of President.  The impeachment can be done on the basis of violation of the constitution. No such charge shall be preferred unless- the proposal to prefer such charge is contained in a resolution which has been moved after at least fourteen days’ notice in writing … Read more

A pressure group is a group of people who are organised actively for promoting and defending their common interest. It is so called as it attempts to bring a change in public policy by exerting pressure on the government. It acts as a liaison between the government and its members. Example: All India Trade Union … Read more

The essence of federalism lies in the sharing of legal sovereignty by the union and the federation units. This separation of power is done through list system enshrined in 7th schedule of the constitution. There are Union list ( Centre law making zone), State list ( state law making zone), Concurrent list ( both can … Read more

PRAGATI is an information and communications technology-based platform for, as the name reveals, pro-active governance and timely implementation. It was launched in 2015. It is an interactive and integrated platform chiefly for addressing the grievances of the common man, while at the same time, monitoring government projects and programmes/schemes. The platform was designed by the … Read more

State governments generally have exclusive right to make laws on state subjects but there are instances when Parliament can legislate on state subjects. Circumstances under which Parliament can make laws on matters enumerated in the State list: Article 249: When Rajya Sabha passes a resolution supported by two-thirds of the member present and voting, declaring … Read more

In reality the parliamentary control over the executive is more theoretical than practical. The following factors are responsible for this: The administration has grown in volume and the Parliament has neither the time nor the expertise to control it. Parliamentarians are usually laymen who face difficulty in understanding the demands for grants which is technical … Read more

Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) provides an alternative approach to traditional process of dispute resolution through litigation. It provides accessible, useful, informal, voluntary, speedy and inexpensive justice to contesting parties. ADR mechanisms in India inter-alia include arbitration, mediation/ conciliation, Lok Adalats and Consumer Dispute Redressal system. Significance of ADR: Mediation can play a very useful role … Read more

The principle of subsidiarity means that a central authority should not exercise functions which can be carried out efficiently by immediate or local level, rather it should support the latter and help coordinate its activity with the activities of the whole community. It ensures that decisions are taken as closely as possible to the citizen … Read more