Polity

The Directives have been criticised mainly because of their non-justiciable character. While K T Shah dubbed them as ‘pious superfluities’ and compared them with ‘a cheque on a bank, payable only when the resources of the bank permit. Critics has contended by saying that principles are ‘no better than the new year’s resolutions, which are … Read more

The Fundamental Rights enshrined in Part III of the Constitution have met with a wide and varied criticism. The arguments of the critics are: Excessive Limitations They are subjected to innumerable exceptions, restrictions, qualifications and explanations. Hence, the critics remarked that the Constitution grants Fundamental Rights with one hand and takes them away with the … Read more

There are over three crore cases pending across the Supreme Court, the High Courts, and the subordinate courts (including district courts).Of these, the subordinate courts account for over 86% pendency of cases, followed by 13.8% pendency before the 24 High Courts. The remaining 0.2% of cases are pending with the Supreme Court. Between 2006 and … Read more

Apart from the services under the respective state governments, the Constitution has made special provision for the constitution of all-India services as a service common to the Union and the states. Article 312 of the Constitution makes specific provision for the creation of the all-India services by parliament if the council of states has declared … Read more

Empathy is the ability of a person to put himself in other person’s shoes and feel what he might be feeling. On the other hand, Compassion is to feel about a person and work for his betterment. Civil servants are part of the executive branch of government and are supposed to act as a bridge … Read more

Pressure group is an organised group of people that wants to influence the policies or activities of those in able to make decision. This could be at a local, national or international level of government. There are various types of Pressure groups summarised below: Social or Identity based groups: They have one particular identity. There … Read more

Ambedkar’s main ideas thrusted upon equality, social justice and perpetual improvement of the society.  He emphasis on mitigation of evils of caste system. This idea is still relevant. As caste is one of the dividing factor in India. His idea of social justice encapsulated political, economic and social democracy. Acc. To him, political dem. Without … Read more

  It has not been conceived on the principle of equality of the houses. It is the secondary chamber of state legislature unlike the Rajya sabha which is the second house of the parliament.   It cannot amend or reject a bill passed by the assembly by the virtue of its own legislative powers at … Read more

He should have been an advocate or pleader for 7 years. He should be recommended by high court. He shouldn’t already be in service of centre or state. The appointment, posting, promotion is made by Governor after consultation with High court. Other appointments of judicial service are made by Governor after consulting high court and … Read more

.  One of the controversies about the Preamble is as to whether it is a part of the Constitution or not. In the Berubari Union16 case (1960), the Supreme Court said that the Preamble shows the general purposes behind the several provisions in the Constitution, and is thus a key to the minds of the … Read more