Polity

Reasons: Low police officials to population ratio Insensitivity of police towards weaker sections. Women and Dalits are poorly represented in the police personnel. Changing dynamics of crime eg cyber-crime, digital frauds. Corruption in the police system. Lack of civilian trust. Politicization and allegiance towards ruling party. Lack of technological capabilities necessary to perform quality investigations. … Read more

Citizens’ Charters initiative is a response to the mission for solving the problems which a citizen meets, day in and day out, while dealing with the organisations providing public services. The charter is the declaration of commitment to superiority in service to customers of the department. The citizen charter declares the standards for various services … Read more

. In 1976, the Congress Party set up the Sardar Swaran Singh Committee to make recommendations about fundamental duties, the need and necessity of which was felt during the operation of the internal emergency (1975–1977). The committee recommended the inclusion of a separate chapter on fundamental duties in the Constitution. It stressed that the citizens … Read more

Basic structure doctrine was given in the Keshvanand Bharati case in 1973. According to it some basic elements of the constitution cannot be amended. Ambit of basic structure is not defined by any rule and regulation. It has been constantly evolving by judicial interpretation. Example of basic structure are secularism, supremacy of the constitution, separation … Read more

Lateral entry in civil services means recruiting personnel from the pool other than the civil service cadre and promotional cadre officers. Second administrative reforms commission, Surendra nath committee and hota committee advocated lateral entry into civil services. Advantages of lateral entry: Growing complexity in governance field like finance, administration, health etc requires specialisation in the … Read more

The President acquires the following extraordinary powers when the President’s Rule is imposed in a state: He can take up the functions of the state government and powers vested in the governor or any other executive authority in the state. He can declare that the powers of the state legislature are to be exercised by … Read more

The balance between individual liberty and larger social interests has been achieved in the Constitution by putting ‘reasonable restrictions’ on the exercise of this right for certain purposes viz.: `              • In case of freedom of speech and expression, State can impose reasonable restrictions on the grounds of sovereignty and integrity of India, security of … Read more

What is the difference between “vote on account” and “interim budget”? Ans:       The budget presented during the election year is an interim budget. It is a summary of expenses expected by the government in the next few months. The interim Budget helps span the transition time between the two governments, entrusting the responsibility of a … Read more

Social Media can be defined as any web or mobile based platform that enables an individual or agency to communicate interactively and enables exchange of user generated content and it is explained by a number of tools, which includes blogs, Wikis, discussion forums, micro-blogs, twitter and social networking sites. Internet has become a platform for coordination … Read more