Polity

Article 123 of the Constitution grants the President certain law making powers to promulgate Ordinances when either of the two Houses of Parliament is not in session and hence it is not possible to enact laws in the Parliament.      An ordinance may relate to any subject that the parliament has the power to legislate on. … Read more

FR: aggrieved person can directly approach SC under article 32. Example of  FR . In ordinary rights violation, one has to go through proper channel. He/she can’t approach SC directly. Significance of FR’s Limits the power of the state. Maintain balance of power. Ensure constitutionalism . Constitution is supreme. Rule of law will always prevail. … Read more

  S.no. For Against 1. Most secular trait for reorganisation It was feared that it will spur the demand for new states,..weakening of integration process   2. Education in mother tounge -easily grasped by student It would slow down the process of emergence of a national identity 3. It will help to preserve cultural identity … Read more

Introduction- Prepare an intro on DPSP of 60 words Body:   1) Non justiciable 2) Unsystematic enumeration and lot of repetition. 3) Some article are reactionary like ban on cow slaughter and     ban on liquor 4) It emphasis on philosophy of socialism which is inconsistent with the contemporary era of globalisation. 5) Lack of consistency.  … Read more

  S.no. For Against 1. Most secular trait for reorganisation It was feared that it will spur the demand for new states,..weakening of integration process   2. Education in mother tounge -easily grasped by student It would slow down the process of emergence of a national identity 3. It will help to preserve cultural identity … Read more

52nd CAA introduces anti defection law which makes defection  a difficult process. The  objective of the law was to prevent horse trading  and use of money power in getting required support in the parliament and assemblies. It has able to achieve the desired objectives but it is not immune from criticism. The issues with anti-defection … Read more

Social safeguards:   Art 17- abolition of untouchability Art 23- Traffic in human beings and beggar Art 24- prevent child labour. A substantial portion of child labor comes from SC and ST Art 25(2)(b)- Hindu religious institution shall be open to all section without any discrimination. Economic safeguards Art 23 Art 24 Art 46 – … Read more

Pressure group is an organised group of people that wants to influence the policies or activities of those in able to make decision. This could be at a local, national or international level of government. There are various types of Pressure groups summarised below: Social or Identity based groups: They have one particular identity. There … Read more

India was under the British rule where parliament form of government was in operation. Even during the course of the freedom movement, people of the country got familiarized with the principles of parliamentary government. Further a charm for giving  priority to responsibility over  stability was another reason. The constitutional makers wanted to avoid heroic worship … Read more

Basic structure doctrine was given in the Keshvanand Bharati case in 1973. According to it some basic elements of the constitution cannot be amended. Ambit of basic structure is not defined by any rule and regulation. It has been constantly evolving by judicial interpretation. Example of basic structure are secularism, supremacy of the constitution, separation … Read more