MPPSC MAINS 2017 Paper-I

Points to Remember: El Niño and La Niña are opposite phases of a naturally occurring climate pattern called the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). They significantly impact global weather patterns. Understanding ENSO is crucial for predicting and mitigating its effects. Introduction: El Niño and La Niña are two opposing climate patterns that are part of a … Read more

Points to Remember: Geographical location and extent of the Chota Nagpur Plateau. Major mineral resources and their distribution. Industries based on these resources (iron and steel, coal, etc.). Environmental and social impacts of industrialization. Challenges and future prospects of the region. Introduction: The Chota Nagpur Plateau, located in eastern India, encompassing parts of Jharkhand, Odisha, … Read more

Points to Remember: Definition of Jet Stream Types of Jet Streams Formation and Location Impact on Weather Patterns Significance in Aviation Introduction: A jet stream is a fast-flowing, narrow air current found in the atmospheres of some planets, including Earth. These powerful rivers of air, typically several kilometers wide and a few kilometers deep, are … Read more

Points to Remember: Natural Factors: Heavy rainfall, fragile Himalayan ecosystem. Anthropogenic Factors: Unsustainable development, deforestation, encroachment. Lack of preparedness: Inadequate warning systems, poor infrastructure. Introduction: The Uttarakhand flash floods of June 2013, also known as the Kedarnath flood, were a devastating natural disaster that resulted in widespread destruction and loss of life in the Indian … Read more

Points to Remember: Pre-independence Zamindari system and its exploitative nature. Post-independence land reforms aimed at redistribution and tenancy regulation. Successes and failures of land reforms across different states. Ongoing challenges and the need for further reforms. Constitutional provisions related to land ownership and reforms. Introduction: Land reforms in India represent a crucial aspect of the … Read more

Points to Remember: Definition of Inversion of Rainfall Causes of Inversion of Rainfall Effects of Inversion of Rainfall Geographic locations prone to Inversion of Rainfall Mitigation strategies Introduction: Inversion of rainfall, also known as rainfall anomaly or rainfall deficit, refers to a situation where the actual rainfall received in a specific region or period deviates … Read more

Points to Remember: Definition of Central Business District (CBD) Key characteristics of a CBD Variations in CBD structure and function Challenges faced by CBDs Future trends and adaptations Introduction: A Central Business District (CBD) is the commercial and often geographic heart of a city. It’s characterized by high concentrations of office buildings, retail spaces, financial … Read more

Points to Remember: Balram Tal Yojana’s focus on water conservation and rural development. Its implementation challenges and successes. The scheme’s contribution to sustainable development. Potential for improvement and future directions. Introduction: Balram Tal Yojana (BTY) is a water conservation and rural development scheme primarily focused on the creation and restoration of water bodies in rural … Read more

Points to Remember: Albedo is a measure of reflectivity. It ranges from 0 to 1. Different surfaces have different albedos. Albedo plays a crucial role in Earth’s climate. Introduction: Albedo, derived from the Latin word “albus” meaning white, is the measure of the diffuse reflection of solar radiation out of the total solar radiation received … Read more

Points to Remember: Soil composition: Minerals, organic matter, water, air. Soil formation: Weathering of rocks, decomposition of organic matter. Soil types: Classification based on texture, structure, and properties. Soil functions: Support plant life, water filtration, nutrient cycling. Soil degradation: Erosion, pollution, depletion of nutrients. Introduction: Soil, the unconsolidated mineral and organic material on the immediate … Read more