MPPSC MAINS 2018 Paper-III

Points to Remember: Decentralized planning involves distributing planning authority and decision-making power away from a central authority. It aims to improve efficiency, responsiveness, and participation. It faces challenges related to coordination, equity, and potential for inconsistencies. Successful implementation requires strong local governance and capacity building. Introduction: Decentralized planning is a planning approach that shifts decision-making … Read more

Points to Remember: BRICS is an acronym for a group of emerging national economies. Membership is based on specific criteria, though not explicitly defined. The group’s influence on the global stage is growing. Introduction: BRICS is an association of five major emerging national economies: Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa. The acronym was coined … Read more

Points to Remember: Financial inclusion Employment generation Credit access for small businesses Promoting entrepreneurship Reducing reliance on informal lenders Introduction: The Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana (PMMY), launched in April 2015, is a flagship scheme of the Indian government aimed at providing financial assistance to micro and small enterprises (MSEs). The scheme’s core objective is to … Read more

Points to Remember: Food availability Food access Food utilization Food stability Introduction: Food security is a multifaceted concept encompassing the reliable access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food to maintain a healthy and active life. It’s not merely about the physical availability of food, but also about the ability of individuals and populations to obtain … Read more

Points to Remember: Net inflow represents the difference between inflows and outflows. It can be applied to various contexts, including finance, migration, and environmental resources. Understanding the factors influencing net inflow is crucial for effective planning and management. Positive net inflow generally indicates growth or improvement, while negative net inflow suggests decline or depletion. Introduction: … Read more

Points to Remember: Green accounting is an extension of traditional accounting. It focuses on environmental costs and benefits. It aims for improved environmental decision-making. It involves both internal and external reporting. Challenges include data collection and standardization. Introduction: Traditional accounting primarily focuses on financial performance, often overlooking the significant environmental impacts of business operations. This … Read more

Points to Remember: Demonetization’s impact on various sectors (economy, informal sector, banking). The stated goals of demonetization and their achievement. The short-term and long-term consequences. International examples of demonetization and their outcomes. Constitutional and legal aspects. Introduction: Demonetization refers to the act of stripping a currency unit of its status as legal tender. This means … Read more

Points to Remember: GST is a comprehensive indirect tax levied on the supply of goods and services. It replaced multiple indirect taxes, simplifying the tax structure. GST has a dual structure – CGST (Central GST) and SGST (State GST) or IGST (Integrated GST). It aims to improve tax compliance and revenue collection. GST has both … Read more

Points to Remember: Diversity indices quantify biodiversity. Simpson’s Index measures the probability that two randomly selected individuals will belong to the same species. Simpson’s Index of Diversity is a modification that increases with diversity. Higher values indicate greater diversity. Introduction: Biodiversity, the variety of life on Earth, is crucial for ecosystem health and human well-being. … Read more

Points to Remember: Definition and significance of biodiversity. Date of International Biodiversity Day. Technologies for plant and animal propagation. Technologies for genome conservation. Introduction: Biodiversity, short for biological diversity, encompasses the variety of life on Earth at all its levels, from genes to ecosystems. This includes the evolutionary, ecological, and cultural processes that sustain life. … Read more