MPPSC MAINS 2018 Paper-IV

Points to Remember: Transparency and accountability mechanisms Strengthening institutions Citizen engagement and participation Ethical leadership and training Robust legal frameworks and enforcement Introduction: Corruption, the abuse of entrusted power for private gain, is a pervasive global challenge undermining good governance, economic development, and social justice. The World Bank estimates that corruption costs developing countries trillions … Read more

Points to Remember: The UN Convention against Corruption (UNCAC) is a comprehensive international treaty aimed at preventing and combating corruption. It establishes a range of measures for criminalizing various forms of corruption, promoting international cooperation, and strengthening asset recovery. UNCAC’s effectiveness depends on states’ commitment to implementing its provisions and fostering a culture of integrity. … Read more

Points to Remember: Main types of corruption (e.g., bribery, embezzlement, extortion, cronyism, nepotism). Root causes of corruption (e.g., lack of transparency, weak institutions, low salaries, lack of accountability). Introduction: Corruption, the abuse of entrusted power for private gain, is a pervasive global problem undermining economic development, social justice, and democratic governance. The World Bank estimates … Read more

Points to Remember: Ideal administrative expectations. Aptitude and dedication to public service. Balancing expectations with reality. Measuring dedication and aptitude. Improving public administration. Introduction: The statement “The ideal administrative expectations ensure aptitude and dedication to public service” posits a direct link between the standards set for administrators and the quality of public service delivery. This … Read more

Points to Remember: Definition and components of emotional intelligence (EQ). Benefits of high EQ in personal and professional life. Challenges in developing and measuring EQ. Importance of EQ in various contexts (workplace, relationships, leadership). Introduction: Emotional intelligence (EQ) refers to the ability to understand, use, and manage your own emotions in positive ways to relieve … Read more

Points to Remember: Motivation’s role in driving action in living organisms. Inspiration as a powerful motivator. The link between inspiration and attitude change. Mechanisms through which inspiration alters attitudes. Examples of inspirational figures and their impact. Challenges and limitations in using inspiration for attitude change. Introduction: Boring and Langfeld’s definition of motivation highlights its fundamental … Read more

Points to Remember: Empathy’s role in effective public service delivery. The link between empathy and citizen trust. Challenges in fostering empathy within the civil service. Strategies for cultivating and promoting empathy. Introduction: Empathy, the ability to understand and share the feelings of another, is increasingly recognized as a crucial value for effective and ethical civil … Read more

Points to Remember: Ram Manohar Lohia’s socialist ideology was distinct from Marxist socialism. He emphasized Sarvodaya (upliftment of all) and decentralized village-based economy. He advocated for a blend of socialist principles with Indian traditions and context. His views were critical of both capitalism and centralized state socialism. Introduction: Ram Manohar Lohia (1910-1967) was a prominent … Read more

Points to Remember: Genetic predisposition Environmental influences (social learning, cultural norms) Personal experiences Cognitive processes (beliefs, values) Emotional factors Introduction: Attitude formation is a complex psychological process by which individuals develop their evaluations of people, objects, and ideas. These evaluations range from positive to negative and influence our behaviors and decisions. Understanding the factors that … Read more

Points to Remember: Stereotyping: Oversimplified generalizations about a group of people. Prejudice: Preconceived negative judgment about a group of people. Intersectionality: Overlapping social identities creating unique experiences of discrimination. Caste system: A historical and ongoing source of stereotyping and prejudice in India. Religious diversity: A significant factor influencing stereotyping and prejudice. Constitutional safeguards: India’s constitution … Read more