MPPSC MAINS 2019 Paper-II

Points to Remember: Strict Liability under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 (EPA) Absolute Liability in cases of hazardous substances Civil and Criminal Liabilities Compensation and Remediation Enforcement Mechanisms Introduction: The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 (EPA), is a landmark legislation in India aimed at protecting and improving the environment. It empowers the Central Government to establish … Read more

Points to Remember: Constitutional basis of the Commission. Investigative and recommendatory powers. Monitoring and evaluation role. Limitations and challenges faced by the Commission. Role in safeguarding tribal rights. Introduction: The National Commission for Scheduled Tribes (NCST) is a constitutional body established in India under Article 338A of the Constitution of India. Its primary function is … Read more

Points to Remember: Statutory body for women’s rights in India. Investigates complaints of atrocities against women. Recommends policy changes to improve women’s status. Advocates for women’s empowerment and gender equality. Limited powers and resource constraints. Introduction: The National Commission for Women (NCW) is a statutory body constituted in India under the National Commission for Women … Read more

Points to Remember: Three-tier structure (Gram Panchayat, Panchayat Samiti, Zilla Parishad) Constitutional basis (73rd Amendment Act) Functions related to rural development, sanitation, health, education Challenges like lack of resources, corruption, political interference Importance for participatory democracy and decentralization Introduction: Local Self-Government (LSG) in India refers to the system of governance at the grassroots level, empowering … Read more

Points to Remember: The Governor’s discretionary powers are limited and exceptional. These powers are exercised in situations where the established constitutional framework is insufficient or inapplicable. The exercise of these powers is subject to judicial review. The extent of discretionary powers can be debated and varies depending on interpretation. Introduction: The Governor of a state … Read more

Points to Remember: Sources of Emergency Powers: Constitution of India (Articles 352, 356, 360) Types of Emergencies: National Emergency, President’s Rule (State Emergency), Financial Emergency Limitations and Safeguards: Judicial Review, Parliamentary Control, Time Limits Introduction: The President of India, while primarily a ceremonial head of state, possesses significant emergency powers under the Constitution of India. … Read more

Points to Remember: Erosion of public trust Decline in the quality of debate Rise of money and muscle power in politics Lack of accountability and transparency Increasing polarization and disruption Weak institutional mechanisms Introduction: The Indian Parliament, envisioned as a vibrant forum for democratic deliberation and legislation, has witnessed a concerning decline in its prestige … Read more

Points to Remember: The Lok Sabha, the lower house of the Indian Parliament, has several standing committees. Standing committees are permanent bodies that scrutinize government policies and legislation. Their work is crucial for parliamentary oversight and effective governance. Introduction: The Lok Sabha, India’s House of the People, is a vibrant and crucial part of the … Read more

Points to Remember: Secularism Socialism Democracy Republic Justice (Social, Economic, and Political) Liberty Equality Fraternity Introduction: The Preamble to the Indian Constitution, adopted on November 26, 1949, serves as a concise statement of the fundamental values and objectives that guide the nation. It is not legally binding in itself, but it acts as a key … Read more

Points to Remember: Fundamental Duties are moral obligations of Indian citizens enshrined in the Constitution. They aim to promote national unity, integrity, and development. Non-compliance doesn’t attract legal punishment, but they are crucial for a responsible citizenry. Introduction: The Constitution of India, originally containing only Fundamental Rights, was amended in 1976 (42nd Amendment) to include … Read more