MPPSC MAINS 2019 Paper-III

Points to Remember: Basic probability principles: Probability = (Favorable Outcomes) / (Total Possible Outcomes) Dice properties: A standard six-sided die has faces numbered 1 to 6. Each face has an equal probability of appearing. Introduction: Probability is a branch of mathematics that deals with the likelihood of an event occurring. In this case, we are … Read more

Points to Remember: Definition of a prime number. Examples of prime numbers. Properties of prime numbers. Importance of prime numbers in mathematics and other fields. Introduction: The question focuses on the definition and properties of a prime number. A prime number, in the context of number theory, is a natural number greater than 1 that … Read more

Points to Remember: The question requires identifying numbers greater than 4. The approach is factual, focusing on mathematical definition and examples. Introduction: The question asks to identify numbers greater than 4. This is a fundamental concept in mathematics. A number is a mathematical object used to count, measure, and label. The set of numbers extends … Read more

Points to Remember: Ecosystem definition and components (biotic and abiotic). Types of ecosystems (terrestrial, aquatic). Ecosystem services and their importance. Threats to ecosystem health (pollution, habitat loss). Ecosystem conservation and restoration. Introduction: An ecosystem is a complex network of living organisms (biotic factors) and their non-living environment (abiotic factors) interacting as a functional unit. This … Read more

Points to Remember: Definition and components of an ecological footprint. Calculation methods and limitations. Global variations and implications. Reducing individual and collective footprints. Introduction: An ecological footprint is a measure of human demand on Earth’s ecosystems. It represents the amount of biologically productive land and water area required to produce the resources a person or … Read more

Points to Remember: Nanotechnology’s applications in agriculture focus on improving crop yield, reducing pesticide use, and enhancing food safety. In medicine, nanotechnology aids in drug delivery, diagnostics, and tissue engineering. Both fields face challenges related to cost, safety, and regulatory hurdles. Introduction: Nanotechnology, the manipulation of matter at the atomic and molecular scale (1-100 nanometers), … Read more

Points to Remember: Gene flow is the transfer of genetic material from one population to another. It’s a key mechanism of evolution. It can increase genetic diversity within a population. It can also lead to homogenization of populations. Barriers to gene flow can lead to speciation. Introduction: Gene flow, also known as gene migration, is … Read more

Points to Remember: Buoyancy Density Aerenchyma tissue Water displacement Introduction: Water hyacinth ( Eichhornia crassipes) is a free-floating aquatic plant known for its rapid growth and ability to form dense mats on the surface of water bodies. Its remarkable ability to float is crucial to its success as an invasive species. Understanding why it floats … Read more

Points to Remember: Fullerene structure and properties Types of fullerenes Applications of fullerenes Potential risks and limitations Introduction: Fullerenes are a class of carbon allotropes, meaning they are different structural forms of the element carbon. Unlike diamond and graphite, the most common allotropes, fullerenes are composed of carbon atoms arranged in a spherical, ellipsoidal, or … Read more

Points to Remember: Instability of the atom No explanation for atomic spectra No explanation for chemical bonding Introduction: Ernest Rutherford’s gold foil experiment in 1911 revolutionized our understanding of the atom. His model proposed a nucleus containing most of the atom’s mass and positive charge, surrounded by orbiting electrons. While a significant advancement over the … Read more