MPPSC MAINS 2019 Paper-IV

Points to Remember: Corruption is a multifaceted issue with deep-rooted causes. Systemic factors, individual motivations, and societal norms all contribute. Addressing corruption requires a multi-pronged approach targeting both supply and demand. Introduction: Corruption, defined as the abuse of entrusted power for private gain, is a pervasive global problem. The 2022 Corruption Perceptions Index by Transparency … Read more

Points to Remember: Definition and legal protection of whistleblowers. Motivations for whistleblowing. Risks and challenges faced by whistleblowers. Importance of whistleblowing for societal good. Legal frameworks and protections in different jurisdictions. Introduction: A whistleblower is an individual who exposes wrongdoing within an organization or government to the public or to an authority. This wrongdoing can … Read more

Points to Remember: Good governance encompasses accountability, transparency, participation, rule of law, consensus orientation, responsiveness, effectiveness and efficiency, equity and inclusiveness, and strategic vision. It is a multi-faceted concept with no single definition, varying across contexts and perspectives. Achieving good governance requires a collaborative effort from government, civil society, and citizens. Introduction: Good governance is … Read more

Points to Remember: Transparency fosters accountability. Transparency builds public trust. Transparency improves efficiency and effectiveness. Transparency promotes good governance. Transparency combats corruption. Introduction: Transparency in administrative services refers to the openness and accessibility of information related to government operations, decision-making processes, and the use of public funds. It’s a cornerstone of good governance and a … Read more

Points to Remember: Moral values are principles that guide individuals in distinguishing right from wrong. They are shaped by various factors including culture, religion, and personal experiences. Moral values are essential for a well-functioning society. Conflicts can arise when different moral values clash. Introduction: Moral values are the fundamental beliefs and principles that guide an … Read more

Points to Remember: Satyagraha’s core principles: Truth (Satya), Non-violence (Ahimsa), and Self-suffering. Its application in the Indian independence movement. Criticisms and limitations of Satyagraha. Satyagraha’s relevance in contemporary contexts. Introduction: Mahatma Gandhi’s Satyagraha, meaning “holding onto truth” or “soul-force” in Sanskrit, was a potent philosophy and methodology of non-violent resistance that played a pivotal role … Read more

Points to Remember: Objectivity prioritizes facts over opinions. Objectivity strives for impartiality and neutrality. Achieving complete objectivity is challenging, but striving for it is crucial. Objectivity is context-dependent and can vary across disciplines. Introduction: Objectivity, at its core, refers to the ability to judge or represent something fairly and without bias. It emphasizes basing conclusions … Read more

Points to Remember: Intelligence is multifaceted and not easily defined. Multiple theories exist, each emphasizing different aspects. Measurement of intelligence is complex and subject to biases. Intelligence is influenced by both nature (genetics) and nurture (environment). Practical intelligence is as important as academic intelligence. Introduction: The term “intelligence” lacks a universally agreed-upon definition. While commonly … Read more

Points to Remember: Integrity’s role in building public trust. Impact of integrity on efficiency and effectiveness of administration. The legal and ethical frameworks supporting integrity in civil administration. Consequences of lacking integrity in civil service. Mechanisms for promoting and enforcing integrity. Introduction: Civil administration, the machinery of government responsible for implementing policies and delivering public … Read more

Points to Remember: Integral Humanism (Ekatma Manavavada) is a holistic philosophy emphasizing the interconnectedness of individual and society. It advocates for a harmonious blend of material and spiritual progress. It critiques both unbridled capitalism and totalitarian communism. It emphasizes the importance of local self-governance (Gram Swaraj). It promotes a decentralized, participatory, and inclusive development model. … Read more