MPPSC MAINS 2020 Paper-II

Points to Remember: Sarvodaya’s core tenets: Emphasis on non-violent social change, Gram Swaraj (village self-rule), decentralization of power, social justice, and equality. JP Narayan’s influence: His role in shaping the concept and its practical application through social movements. Criticisms of Sarvodaya: Challenges in implementation, potential for elitism, and its relevance in a modern, complex society. … Read more

Points to Remember: Key stages: Ancient civilizations, Classical era, Scientific Management, New Public Management, New Public Governance. Focus on shifts in thought and practice: from rule-based administration to citizen-centric approaches. Importance of context: evolution shaped by societal changes, technological advancements, and political ideologies. Introduction: Public administration, the implementation of government policy and the management of … Read more

Points to Remember: Permanent Executives: Career civil servants, appointed based on merit, provide continuity and expertise. Political Executives: Elected or appointed officials, accountable to the electorate or legislature, responsible for policy-making. Key Differences: Tenure, accountability, roles, and selection processes. Introduction: The effective functioning of any government hinges on the interplay between two distinct executive branches: … Read more

Points to Remember: Dr. Ambedkar’s vision of Constitutional Democracy. Emphasis on social justice and equality. Importance of fundamental rights and directive principles. Role of independent judiciary and parliamentary supremacy. Challenges to Ambedkar’s vision in contemporary India. Introduction: Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, the chief architect of the Indian Constitution, envisioned a Constitutional Democracy that went beyond mere … Read more

Points to Remember: The evolution of the “Basic Structure” doctrine in Indian constitutional law. Key cases that shaped its understanding. The doctrine’s role in judicial review and protecting fundamental rights. Its impact on the balance of power between the legislature and the judiciary. The ongoing debates and challenges surrounding the doctrine. The contribution of the … Read more

Points to Remember: Electoral reforms aim to enhance the fairness, transparency, and efficiency of the electoral process in India. Post-1996 reforms focused on addressing issues like money power, criminalization of politics, and improving voter registration and participation. The effectiveness of these reforms remains a subject of debate. Introduction: India’s electoral system, the world’s largest, has … Read more

Points to Remember: Media’s power to shape public opinion. Different media types and their influence (print, broadcast, social media). Biases and misinformation in media coverage. Media’s role in agenda-setting and framing. Voter susceptibility to media influence. Media literacy and critical thinking. Introduction: The media plays a pivotal role in shaping public discourse and influencing voter … Read more

Points to Remember: Mandate: NHRC’s powers and limitations under the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993. Effectiveness: Assessment of NHRC’s impact on human rights protection in India. Challenges: Obstacles faced by the NHRC in fulfilling its mandate. Recommendations: Suggestions for improving the NHRC’s effectiveness. Introduction: The National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) of India is a … Read more

Points to Remember: Distribution of powers between the Centre and States in India. Constitutional provisions (Seventh Schedule). Issues arising from the distribution: conflicts, cooperation. Mechanisms for resolving disputes: Inter-State Council, etc. Judicial pronouncements on Centre-State relations. Suggestions for improvement. Introduction: India, a federal republic, operates under a system of governance that distributes powers between the … Read more

Points to Remember: Definition and scope of Judicial Activism Historical context and evolution Arguments for and against Judicial Activism Impact on the separation of powers Examples of Judicial Activism in different jurisdictions Potential for abuse and limitations Introduction: Judicial activism refers to the phenomenon where judges, particularly in higher courts, actively shape public policy through … Read more