MPPSC MAINS 2020 Paper-IV

Points to Remember: Accountability and transparency Ethical leadership Citizen participation Rule of law Institutional reforms Introduction: Higher values in governance refer to a system where public officials prioritize ethical conduct, transparency, accountability, and the public interest above personal gain or partisan interests. Achieving this requires a multi-faceted approach addressing systemic issues and fostering a culture … Read more

Points to Remember: The importance of ethics in maintaining public trust. The role of ethical governance in promoting accountability and transparency. The connection between ethical governance and sustainable development. The legal and constitutional frameworks supporting ethical governance. Mechanisms for promoting and enforcing ethical conduct in governance. Introduction: Ethical governance is the bedrock of a just … Read more

Points to Remember: Honesty Trustworthiness Accountability Moral Courage Consistency Introduction: Integrity, a cornerstone of ethical conduct, refers to the quality of being honest and having strong moral principles. It’s not merely the absence of dishonesty, but an active commitment to doing what is right, even when it’s difficult. Individuals with integrity consistently act in accordance … Read more

Points to Remember: Accountability’s core purpose is to ensure responsibility and answerability for actions and decisions. It fosters transparency, good governance, and improved performance. Mechanisms for accountability vary across sectors and contexts. Effective accountability requires clear roles, responsibilities, and processes. Lack of accountability can lead to corruption, inefficiency, and injustice. Introduction: Accountability, at its core, … Read more

Points to Remember: Individual differences encompass a wide range of variations among people. These differences are influenced by both nature (genetics) and nurture (environment). Understanding individual differences is crucial in various fields, including education, psychology, and management. Respecting and accommodating these differences is essential for creating inclusive and equitable environments. Introduction: Individual differences refer to … Read more

Points to Remember: Integrity and ethical conduct Impartiality and objectivity Leadership and management skills Communication and interpersonal skills Problem-solving and decision-making abilities Knowledge of laws, rules, and regulations Adaptability and continuous learning Introduction: A civil servant, also known as a public servant, is a member of a government’s administrative branch. Their role is crucial in … Read more

Points to Remember: Stereotypes are oversimplified generalizations about groups of people. They are based on limited information and often inaccurate. Stereotypes can lead to prejudice and discrimination. Understanding stereotypes is crucial to promoting inclusivity and equality. Introduction: Stereotypes are widely held but fixed and oversimplified images or ideas of a particular type of person or … Read more

Points to Remember: Altruism vs. Egoism Situational factors influencing helping Personality traits associated with helping Bystander effect Social norms and helping behavior Introduction: Helping behavior, also known as prosocial behavior, encompasses any act intended to benefit another person. It ranges from small acts of kindness, like holding a door open, to significant sacrifices, such as … Read more

Points to Remember: Origin in ancient India Non-dualistic philosophy Emphasis on Brahman as ultimate reality Atman (individual self) is identical to Brahman Path to liberation (moksha) through self-knowledge Introduction: Advaita Vedanta, meaning “non-dual Vedanta,” is a prominent school of Hindu philosophy that originated in India. It’s a system of thought that emphasizes the non-dual nature … Read more

Points to Remember: The concept of “balance” is multifaceted and appears in various fields. Attributing its proposal to a single individual is inaccurate. Different disciplines have different interpretations and applications of balance. Understanding the context in which “balance” is discussed is crucial. Introduction: The concept of “balance” is a fundamental principle across numerous disciplines, from … Read more