MPPSC MAINS 2021 Paper-I

Points to Remember: Definition and types of remote sensing. Data acquisition methods. Applications across various sectors. Advantages and limitations. Future trends and challenges. Introduction: Remote sensing is the acquisition of information about an object or phenomenon without making physical contact with it. It involves using sensors, often mounted on satellites, aircraft, or drones, to detect … Read more

Points to Remember: The Control Division of a Global Positioning System (GPS) is responsible for the overall health and accuracy of the system. Its functions involve monitoring, maintenance, and updating of the satellite constellation. Effective control is crucial for ensuring the reliability and precision of GPS data. Introduction: The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a … Read more

Points to Remember: Soil erosion in Madhya Pradesh is a significant environmental and agricultural problem. The problem is multifaceted, stemming from both natural and human factors. Mitigation requires a multi-pronged approach involving sustainable agricultural practices, afforestation, and government policies. Introduction: Soil erosion, the detachment and movement of soil particles by wind and water, is a … Read more

Points to Remember: Major sources of water pollution Types of water pollutants (chemical, biological, physical) Effects of water pollution on human health and the environment Mitigation and management strategies Introduction: Water pollution, the contamination of water bodies (e.g., lakes, rivers, oceans, aquifers, and groundwater) with harmful substances, poses a significant threat to human health and … Read more

Points to Remember: National Policy on Disaster Management (NPDM) aims to reduce disaster vulnerability. It emphasizes a holistic, multi-hazard approach. Implementation involves various stakeholders at all levels. Continuous improvement and adaptation are crucial. Introduction: The National Policy on Disaster Management (NPDM) in India provides a comprehensive framework for mitigating the impact of natural and man-made … Read more

Points to Remember: Location and extent of the Malwa Plateau. Geological formation and composition. Topography and relief features (elevation, slopes, etc.). Drainage patterns and river systems. Soil types and their characteristics. Climate and vegetation. Introduction: The Malwa Plateau, a significant geographical feature of central India, is a vast, elevated landmass characterized by its unique physical … Read more

Points to Remember: Concept of a National Water Grid (NWG) Objectives and benefits Challenges and limitations Technological aspects Governance and funding Environmental considerations Social and economic impacts Introduction: Water scarcity is a growing concern globally, and India is no exception. Uneven distribution of water resources, coupled with increasing demand from agriculture, industry, and domestic use, … Read more

Points to Remember: Glacial erosion: The process by which glaciers carve and shape the landscape. Types of glacial erosion: Abrasion (scraping) and plucking (lifting and removal of rock). Landforms created by glacial erosion: U-shaped valleys, cirques, arêtes, horns, hanging valleys, roche moutonnées, striations. Introduction: Glacial erosion is a powerful geomorphological process responsible for shaping vast … Read more

Points to Remember: Volcanic landforms are diverse and depend on factors like magma type, eruption style, and tectonic setting. Major landforms include stratovolcanoes, shield volcanoes, cinder cones, calderas, lava plateaus, and volcanic necks. Volcanic eruptions can also create secondary features like lava flows, pyroclastic flows, lahars, and volcanic lakes. Understanding these topographies is crucial for … Read more

Points to Remember: The Himalayas are geographically divided into several distinct ranges. Each range has unique geological characteristics and ecological features. The division is not always strictly defined, with overlaps and transitions between ranges. Understanding the regional division is crucial for managing resources and biodiversity conservation. Introduction: The Himalayas, the world’s highest mountain range, are … Read more