MPPSC MAINS 2021 Paper-I

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Points to Remember: Geographical Location: Nimad and Malwa regions of Madhya Pradesh, India. Style Differences: While both are folk painting traditions, they possess distinct styles, themes, and techniques. Materials: Primarily natural pigments and locally available materials. Themes: Religious, mythological, and everyday life depictions. Patronage: Primarily rural communities and local patrons. Introduction: Folk painting, an integral … Read more

Points to Remember: The Indian Renaissance was a period of intellectual and social reform in 19th-century India. It was characterized by a revival of Indian culture and a questioning of colonial rule. Key figures included Raja Ram Mohan Roy, Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar, and Swami Vivekananda. Causes were multifaceted, including British rule, exposure to Western ideas, … Read more

Points to Remember: Geographical Focus: The Mahakaushal region’s specific participation in the Non-Cooperation Movement. Limited Sources: Information on regional movements might be less readily available compared to national-level accounts. Diverse Participation: Highlight the varied groups involved (peasants, students, urban dwellers). Impact and Legacy: Assess the movement’s success and lasting effects in the region. Introduction: The … Read more

Points to Remember: Shifting dynamics of Mughal-Sikh relations across different Guru periods. Periods of cooperation, conflict, and uneasy coexistence. The evolving political landscape and its impact on relations. The role of individual Gurus in shaping these relations. The impact of Mughal policies on Sikh communities. Introduction: The relationship between the Mughal Empire and the Sikhs, … Read more

Points to Remember: Efficient revenue collection system Decentralized administration Strong military organization Emphasis on meritocracy Promotion of local self-governance Effective intelligence network Introduction: Shivaji Maharaj (1630-1680), the founder of the Maratha Empire, is renowned not only for his military prowess but also for his innovative and efficient administrative system. His administration, built upon a foundation … Read more

Points to Remember: The causes of the 1857 Revolt were multifaceted, encompassing social, religious, economic, and political grievances. The revolt was widespread but lacked centralized leadership and unified goals. The characterization of the revolt as the “First War of Independence” is debated among historians. The revolt had a significant impact on the course of Indian … Read more

Points to Remember: Limited Centralized Authority: The Rigvedic period lacked a strong, centralized government. Tribal/Clan Structure: Society was organized into tribes and clans, with kinship playing a crucial role. Chieftains and Assemblies: Leadership was primarily vested in chiefs (Rajan) and assemblies (Sabha, Samiti). Influence of Priests: The Brahmins (priests) held significant social and religious influence, … Read more

Points to Remember: Ashoka’s Dhamma was a non-sectarian ethical code. It emphasized peace, non-violence, tolerance, and social justice. It was propagated through edicts and public works. Its impact was significant on Indian society and beyond. Its legacy continues to inspire ethical and social reform movements. Introduction: The “Dhamma” of Emperor Ashoka (c. 304-232 BCE), the … Read more

Points to Remember: Treaty of Mandsaur’s context: The First Anglo-Maratha War. Key players: Mahadji Shinde and the British East India Company. Treaty terms: Territorial concessions, financial obligations. Significance: Shift in power dynamics, impact on Maratha Confederacy. Long-term consequences: Weakening of the Maratha power. Introduction: The Treaty of Mandsaur, signed in 1782, marked a significant turning … Read more