MPPSC MAINS 2021 Paper-II

Points to Remember: Judicial activism and judicial overreach are distinct concepts, though often conflated. Judicial activism involves judges actively shaping legal precedents and policy. Judicial overreach occurs when judges exceed their constitutional authority. The line between the two is subjective and context-dependent. Introduction: The terms “judicial activism” and “judicial overreach” are frequently used, often interchangeably, … Read more

Points to Remember: Span of control refers to the number of subordinates a manager or supervisor can effectively manage. Several factors influence the optimal span of control. A narrow span of control means fewer subordinates per manager, while a wide span of control means more. Introduction: Span of control is a crucial concept in organizational … Read more

Points to Remember: Ram Manohar Lohia’s New Socialism Two basic elements: Decentralization and Sarvodaya (Upliftment of All) Introduction: Ram Manohar Lohia, a prominent socialist leader in independent India, significantly diverged from orthodox Marxist socialism. He critiqued the centralized, state-controlled model prevalent in many socialist countries, arguing it led to authoritarianism and stifled individual freedom. Instead, … Read more

Points to Remember: The question asks for the names of three branches of Public Administration as a discipline. This requires a factual approach, focusing on established categorizations within the field. Introduction: Public administration, as a discipline, encompasses the theory and practice of managing public resources and implementing government policies. While there isn’t a universally agreed-upon, … Read more

Points to Remember: The four objectives of humankind as outlined by Deendayal Upadhyaya are interconnected and aim for holistic human development. They emphasize a balance between individual aspirations and societal well-being. Introduction: Pandurang Vaman Kane, better known as Deendayal Upadhyaya (1916-1968), was a prominent Indian political thinker and leader of the Bharatiya Jana Sangh. He … Read more

Points to Remember: Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel’s economic philosophy was rooted in pragmatism and nation-building. He prioritized agricultural development and rural upliftment. He advocated for industrial growth but with a focus on self-reliance and balanced regional development. He emphasized fiscal prudence and financial stability. His approach was less focused on theoretical economic models and more on … Read more

Points to Remember: Increased social capital and support networks. Improved access to microfinance and credit. Enhanced economic empowerment and livelihoods. Improved health and well-being. Increased participation in community development. Introduction: Self-help groups (SHGs) are voluntary associations of people, typically women, who come together to pool their resources and support each other. They are a powerful … Read more

Points to Remember: Media’s influence on voter perception and candidate image. Media’s role in disseminating information and facilitating debate. Media bias and its impact on election outcomes. Media’s responsibility in promoting free and fair elections. The evolving role of social media in elections. Introduction: The media plays a multifaceted and crucial role in elections, acting … Read more

Points to Remember: The four key determinants of voting behavior are socio-economic factors, party identification and ideology, candidate characteristics, and issues and events. Understanding these factors requires a multi-faceted approach. Introduction: Voting behavior, the study of how and why people vote the way they do, is a complex field. It’s not simply a matter of … Read more

Points to Remember: The 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992, deals with Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) in India. Its salient features focus on empowering local governance. Introduction: The 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act of 1992 is a landmark legislation in India, aimed at strengthening democratic decentralization by establishing Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) at the village, intermediate, and … Read more