MPPSC MAINS 2021 Paper-III

Points to Remember: The pH scale measures the acidity or alkalinity of a solution. It ranges from 0 to 14, with 7 being neutral. Lower pH values indicate higher acidity, while higher pH values indicate higher alkalinity. The scale is logarithmic, meaning each whole number change represents a tenfold change in acidity or alkalinity. pH … Read more

Points to Remember: Traditional approaches to water pollution control focused primarily on end-of-pipe treatment. These policies often lacked a holistic approach, neglecting pollution prevention and source control. Enforcement mechanisms were often weak, leading to inconsistent implementation. A shift towards integrated water resource management is now gaining momentum. Introduction: Traditional water pollution control policies, prevalent until … Read more

Points to Remember: Definition and process of cataclastic metamorphism. Factors influencing cataclastic metamorphism. Types of cataclastic rocks. Geological settings where it occurs. Significance and applications. Introduction: Cataclastic metamorphism is a type of metamorphism that occurs due to mechanical deformation and fracturing of rocks under high pressure and temperature conditions. Unlike other metamorphic processes driven primarily … Read more

Points to Remember: Definition and types of energy subsidies. Mechanisms of energy subsidies. Examples of energy subsidies in different sectors. Concept of natural ecosystem and its energy flow. Example of a natural ecosystem illustrating energy subsidy. Introduction: Energy subsidies are government interventions that artificially lower the price of energy, making it cheaper than its true … Read more

Points to Remember: Global energy demand exceeding supply. Geopolitical factors and conflicts. Climate change impacts and transition challenges. Infrastructure limitations and investment gaps. Inefficient energy consumption patterns. Introduction: The global energy crisis is a multifaceted challenge characterized by soaring energy prices, supply shortages, and heightened energy insecurity across numerous nations. This crisis isn’t a singular … Read more

Points to Remember: Wind speed and consistency Wind direction and turbulence Terrain and topography Atmospheric stability and temperature gradients Proximity to obstacles Micro-siting and site assessment Introduction: Establishing a successful wind energy plant hinges critically on understanding and optimizing the wind resource. Wind energy, a renewable energy source, harnesses the kinetic energy of moving air … Read more

Points to Remember: Historical Context: India’s population growth post-independence. Program Goals: Reducing fertility rates, improving maternal and child health. Methods Employed: Contraceptive provision, education, awareness campaigns. Challenges Faced: Social resistance, logistical hurdles, resource constraints. Evolution: Changes in approach over time, focusing on rights-based approaches. Successes and Failures: Measurable impact on fertility rates, areas needing improvement. … Read more

Points to Remember: Definition of cloning Types of cloning Applications of cloning Ethical considerations of cloning Introduction: Cloning is the process of creating a genetically identical copy of a biological entity. This entity can range from a gene or cell to a whole organism. The term evokes images of science fiction, but cloning is a … Read more

Points to Remember: Orbit characteristics (geostationary orbit) Altitude and speed Applications Advantages and disadvantages Introduction: A geostationary satellite is a type of artificial satellite that appears to be stationary relative to a fixed point on Earth. This is achieved by placing it in a geostationary orbit, a specific type of geosynchronous orbit. Unlike satellites in … Read more

Points to Remember: This is a word problem involving a simple algebraic equation. We need to translate the word problem into a mathematical equation. Solving the equation will give us Shyam’s age. Introduction: This question is a classic example of an age-related word problem commonly encountered in elementary algebra. These problems require careful reading and … Read more