MPPSC MAINS 2021 Paper-III

Points to Remember: The age of Earth is a scientific question, not a matter of opinion. Multiple dating methods converge on a consistent age. Uncertainty exists within the age estimate, but the overall range is relatively narrow. Introduction: Determining the age of Earth is a fundamental question in geology and planetary science. For centuries, estimations … Read more

Points to Remember: Definition and characteristics of index fossils. Conditions necessary for fossilization. Importance in stratigraphy and geological dating. Examples of index fossils. Limitations of using index fossils. Introduction: Index fossils, also known as guide fossils or indicator fossils, are the fossilized remains of organisms that lived during a specific, relatively short period of geological … Read more

Points to Remember: This question requires the identification of three environmental acts. The approach is purely factual. Introduction: Environmental law plays a crucial role in protecting our planet and ensuring sustainable development. Numerous laws and acts worldwide address various environmental concerns, ranging from air and water pollution to the conservation of biodiversity. The specific acts … Read more

Points to Remember: Climate Change Biodiversity Loss Pollution (Air, Water, Land) Resource Depletion Deforestation Waste Management Introduction: The environment encompasses all living and non-living things occurring naturally on Earth or some region thereof. Environmental issues are problems with the planet’s systems (air, water, land) caused by human activities and natural processes. These issues pose significant … Read more

Points to Remember: Geology is the study of Earth. It encompasses various sub-disciplines. It uses various methods and tools. It has practical applications. Introduction: Geology, derived from the Greek words “geo” (Earth) and “logos” (study), is the science that examines the Earth’s solid matter, its structure, its history, and the processes that have shaped it. … Read more

Points to Remember: The full form of TERT. Introduction: This question requires a factual approach. There is no room for analysis or opinion; the answer is simply the full form of the acronym TERT. While TERT can have multiple meanings depending on the context, the most common and widely accepted meaning within scientific and medical … Read more

Points to Remember: Definition and basic working principle of a biofuel cell. Types of biofuel cells. Advantages and disadvantages of biofuel cells. Applications and future prospects. Environmental impact and sustainability considerations. Introduction: A biofuel cell is a bioelectrochemical device that converts the chemical energy stored in organic matter into electrical energy using biological catalysts. Unlike … Read more

Points to Remember: Environmental ethics is a branch of applied ethics. It concerns human beings’ moral obligations to the environment. It considers the intrinsic value of nature, not just its instrumental value to humans. Different ethical perspectives exist regarding environmental issues. Practical applications include conservation, pollution control, and sustainable development. Introduction: Environmental ethics is a … Read more

Points to Remember: Early adoption of remote sensing in India. Key milestones and initiatives. Evolution of technology and applications. Contributions to various sectors. Introduction: Remote sensing, the science and art of obtaining information about an object, area, or phenomenon without making physical contact with it, has played a crucial role in India’s development. Its application … Read more

Points to Remember: India’s commitment to net-zero emissions. The timeline for achieving net-zero as per COP26. Challenges and opportunities in achieving this target. Policy implications and potential solutions. Introduction: The 26th United Nations Climate Change Conference of the Parties (COP26), held in Glasgow in 2021, saw significant global commitments to address climate change. While many … Read more