MPPSC MAINS 2021 Paper-IV

Points to Remember: Ethics provides a framework for moral principles and values. Integrity is the adherence to these ethical principles in thought and action. A lack of integrity undermines ethical behavior. Strong ethical frameworks promote integrity. Both are crucial for individual and societal well-being. Introduction: Ethics and integrity are closely intertwined concepts crucial for individual … Read more

Points to Remember: Ethical reasoning is a process. It involves critical thinking and moral judgment. Different ethical frameworks exist. Context matters in ethical decision-making. Ethical reasoning aims for just and equitable outcomes. Introduction: Ethical reasoning is the process of using logical thinking and moral principles to make decisions about what is right or wrong. It’s … Read more

Points to Remember: Definition of moral dilemma Types of moral dilemmas Characteristics of moral dilemmas Approaches to resolving moral dilemmas Examples of moral dilemmas Introduction: A moral dilemma, also known as an ethical dilemma, is a situation where a difficult choice has to be made between two or more options, neither of which resolves the … Read more

Points to Remember: Empathy’s cognitive and emotional components. Distinction between empathy and sympathy. The role of perspective-taking in empathy. The developmental aspects of empathy. The importance of empathy in social interactions and well-being. Introduction: Empathy, a cornerstone of human connection and social cohesion, is the capacity to understand and share the feelings of another. It’s … Read more

Points to Remember: Mayer and Salovey’s definition of emotional intelligence (EI) focuses on the ability to process emotional information. Their model emphasizes four branches of EI, each building upon the previous one. The definition highlights the cognitive aspects of EI, distinguishing it from other conceptions that focus solely on personality traits. Introduction: Emotional intelligence (EI) … Read more

Points to Remember: Transparency and accountability are crucial. Strong institutions and rule of law are essential. Citizen participation and engagement are vital. Ethical leadership is paramount. Effective mechanisms for redressal of grievances are necessary. Introduction: Ethical governance refers to the principles and practices that guide the conduct of government and its officials. It encompasses transparency, … Read more

Points to Remember: Aptitude is an inherent potential or capacity for learning. It’s distinct from achievement, which reflects learned skills. Various types of aptitudes exist, including cognitive, physical, and emotional. Assessing aptitude helps in career guidance and talent development. Introduction: Aptitude, in its simplest definition, refers to a person’s natural talent or potential ability to … Read more

Points to Remember: The term “Orthodox” has multiple meanings depending on context. Its core meaning relates to adherence to established doctrines, traditions, and practices. Understanding the context is crucial to accurately define “Orthodox.” Different religious, political, and social contexts will yield different interpretations. Introduction: The word “Orthodox” derives from the Greek words “orthos” (right, straight, … Read more

Points to Remember: Identify the source of the statement “He is One and Onkar formed, Adi Purush and Akal.” Determine the religious or philosophical context of the statement. Explain the significance of the terms “One,” “Onkar,” “Adi Purush,” and “Akal.” Introduction: The statement “He is One and Onkar formed, Adi Purush and Akal” is a … Read more

Points to Remember: Sri Aurobindo’s evolutionary process involved a spiritual, intellectual, and political dimension. Each dimension influenced and interacted with the others. His evolution was not linear but a complex interplay of these three aspects. Introduction: Sri Aurobindo (1872-1950) was a multifaceted Indian nationalist, philosopher, yogi, and poet. His life and work represent a unique … Read more