MPPSC MAINS 2022 Paper-IV

Points to Remember: Organizational integrity is a multifaceted concept encompassing ethical conduct, transparency, accountability, and a commitment to upholding values. It’s crucial for building trust, fostering a positive work environment, and achieving long-term success. A lack of organizational integrity can lead to significant legal, financial, and reputational damage. Introduction: Organizational integrity refers to the consistent … Read more

Points to Remember: Ethical considerations are integral to infrastructure development. Transparency, accountability, and participation are key ethical principles. Environmental sustainability and social equity are crucial aspects. Ethical infrastructure promotes long-term well-being and avoids negative externalities. Introduction: Infrastructure, encompassing physical systems like roads, bridges, and utilities, is fundamental to societal progress. However, its development often raises … Read more

Points to Remember: Classical conditioning involves associating a neutral stimulus with a naturally occurring stimulus to elicit a conditioned response. The process involves an unconditioned stimulus (UCS), an unconditioned response (UCR), a neutral stimulus (NS), a conditioned stimulus (CS), and a conditioned response (CR). Examples can be found in various aspects of life, including phobias, … Read more

Points to Remember: Ethics is concerned with moral principles and values. Ethical principles guide individual and societal behavior. Different ethical frameworks exist, leading to diverse perspectives. Ethical dilemmas are common and require careful consideration. Ethical behavior fosters trust and social harmony. Introduction: Ethics, derived from the Greek word “ethos” meaning character or custom, is the … Read more

Points to Remember: Transparency fosters accountability and public trust. Transparency mechanisms vary across sectors and jurisdictions. Challenges to transparency include secrecy, corruption, and lack of resources. Promoting transparency requires legal frameworks, technological tools, and civic engagement. Introduction: Transparency in governance refers to the open and accessible nature of government processes, decisions, and information. It’s a … Read more

Points to Remember: Ego-defensive mechanisms protect the ego from anxiety and threats to self-esteem. Attitudes can function as these mechanisms by distorting reality or justifying behavior. Different attitudes serve different defensive functions. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for personal growth and mental well-being. Introduction: The human ego, according to psychodynamic theory, is the part of … Read more

Points to Remember: Empathy, self-awareness, self-regulation, motivation, and social skills are key characteristics of emotional intelligence (EQ). EQ is not fixed; it can be developed and improved. Introduction: Emotional intelligence (EQ), also known as emotional quotient, refers to the ability to understand and manage one’s own emotions, and recognize and influence the emotions of others. … Read more

Points to Remember: Savitribai Phule’s pioneering work in women’s education and emancipation. Her fight against caste discrimination and untouchability. Her contributions to social reform beyond education. The lasting impact of her work on Indian society. Introduction: Savitribai Phule (1831-1897) stands as a towering figure in Indian social reform history. More than just a social reformer, … Read more

Points to Remember: Persuasive communication aims to influence audience beliefs, attitudes, or behaviors. It involves understanding the audience and tailoring the message accordingly. Ethical considerations are crucial in persuasive communication. Various techniques and strategies can enhance persuasive effectiveness. Introduction: Persuasive communication is the art of influencing an audience to adopt a particular viewpoint, take a … Read more

Points to Remember: Prejudice is an attitude; discrimination is an action. Prejudice involves pre-judging; discrimination involves acting on that pre-judgment. Both prejudice and discrimination can be based on various factors like race, gender, religion, etc. While prejudice is often internal, discrimination has external consequences. Introduction: Prejudice and discrimination are two closely related but distinct concepts … Read more