MPPSC MAINS 2023 Paper-II

Points to Remember: Defining “old” and “new” administrations – specifying timeframes and contexts. Identifying key policy shifts and changes in approach. Assessing the impact of these changes on various sectors (economy, social welfare, etc.). Considering both positive and negative consequences. Introduction: The question of differences between “old” and “new” administrations is inherently contextual. It requires … Read more

Points to Remember: Span of control refers to the number of subordinates a manager or supervisor can effectively manage. An optimal span of control balances efficiency and effectiveness. Factors influencing the ideal span of control include the nature of work, employee skills, and management style. Narrow spans of control offer close supervision but can be … Read more

Points to Remember: The concept of authority is multifaceted and its limits are context-dependent. Limits are defined by law, morality, ethics, and practical considerations. Overreach of authority can lead to oppression and injustice. A balance between authority and individual liberty is crucial for a just society. Introduction: The question of “What are the limits of … Read more

Points to Remember: Jayaprakash Narayan’s (JP) concept of “True Democracy” emphasized decentralization, participatory governance, and social justice. It was a critique of the existing parliamentary democracy, which he felt was elitist and unresponsive to the needs of the masses. Key elements include Gram Swaraj, Sarvodaya, and a rejection of centralized power. JP’s ideas significantly influenced … Read more

Points to Remember: Three core principles of Panchsheel. Introduction: Panchsheel, meaning “five principles of peaceful coexistence,” was a cornerstone of Jawaharlal Nehru’s foreign policy. Formally articulated in the Sino-Indian Agreement of 1954, it aimed to guide India’s relations with other nations, particularly in the context of the emerging Cold War. These principles, rooted in non-alignment … Read more

Points to Remember: NGOs are non-profit, voluntary citizens’ groups. They operate independently of any government. Their activities are diverse, ranging from humanitarian aid to advocacy. They play a crucial role in civil society. Their effectiveness varies depending on factors like funding, governance, and impact measurement. Introduction: A Non-Governmental Organisation (NGO) is a non-profit, voluntary citizens’ … Read more

Points to Remember: Ambedkar’s definition of democracy encompasses more than just elections. It emphasizes social and economic equality as crucial components. He highlighted the dangers of social inequalities undermining democracy. His vision involved active citizen participation and a strong, independent judiciary. Introduction: Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar, a pivotal figure in India’s independence movement and the architect … Read more

Points to Remember: The National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) of India has a defined jurisdiction based on the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993. Issues falling outside the purview of the NHRC are those not directly related to human rights violations as defined by the Act. The NHRC’s mandate is primarily concerned with investigating and … Read more

Points to Remember: Media’s role in informing voters. Media’s influence on public opinion. Media’s potential for bias and misinformation. Media’s responsibility in promoting free and fair elections. The evolving role of social media in elections. Introduction: The media plays a crucial role during elections, acting as a vital link between candidates, political parties, and the … Read more

Points to Remember: Civil society is a broad concept encompassing various actors and activities. It operates independently of the state and market. Its role is crucial for democratic governance and social development. Defining its precise ambit can be challenging due to its diverse nature. Introduction: The term “civil society” lacks a universally agreed-upon definition, leading … Read more